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ूथम pratham, vulg. pirtham, adj. & adv. (f. -ā), Foremost, first, initial, the first in a series; earliest, most ancient, primary, original; preceding, previous, prior, earlier, former; chief, principal, most excellent, incomparable; (in Arith.) a first product;—in the first place, firstly:—pratham-purush, s.m. The first (=in European grammars, the third) person of the verb; a termination of the first (or, according to European grammars, third) person:—prathamabas, adv. First, at first, firstly, in the first place; previously:—pratham-sāhas, s.m. The first or lowest degree of punishment or fine; a capital crime:—pratham-kārak, s.m. The nominative case:—pratham-gati, s.f. The first and best of courses or practices; donation, gift, etc. (=dān, q.v.)